Carcinoma uterine cervix

This study is designed to find out the Epidemiology of carcinoma cervix in a period from July 1985 to July 1995. A total of 336 cases received in pathology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute JPMC during the period, one hundred and eighty cases were selected for this study. All the cases, 129 out of 188 were married between the age of 12 and 20 years. The age of patients ranged between 20-70 years. The largest number of cases was found in 51-80 years age group. High parity, low socioeconomic conditions and early age marriages were the highest risk factors while the available record did not contain any information about the risk factors i.e. history of viral infections, number of partners and use of the oral contraceptives

Comparison of diagnostic methods in cutaneous leishmaniasis [histopathology compared to skin smears]

Present study is carried out to compare laboratory diagnostic methods of Cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] for the outdoor patients of Bolan Medical College Complex Hospital, Quetta, Balochistan. From November 2005 to December 2007, three hundred cases of CL patients were selected without restriction of age and sex. The lesions were divided into two groups. Early with duration less than 2 months and late duration between 2 to 4 months and were noted as nodules, plaques, ulcers and scarring [in case of relapses]. Skin smears were taken on first visit of the patients, followed by skin biopsy for histopathological examination. Result showed that out of 300 cases 163 [54.33%] were positive smears for Leishmania donovani [LD] bodies and 137 [45.67%] were negative smears for LD bodies.. While histological examination of all 300 cases showed that only 83 [27.66%] cases were negative for [LD] bodies and no granuloma seen, except with evidence of acute and chronic inflammation. Further analysis of histological observations of positive cases [72.34%] revealed that 91[30.33%] cases had LD bodies,, 78 [26%] cases had only necrotic sloughs showing polymorph neutrophilic infiltration, and 48[16%] cases were having granulomas composed of, epithelioid cells Langhan's type of giant cells and lymphocytes. It is therefore concluded that histopathological examination as compared to skin smears method is more sensitive method for diagnosis of CL

Disposition kinetics of ciprofloxacin after different oral dosage level in rabbits

Ciprofloxacin a flouroquinolone antibacterial drug was orally administered to healthy white albino rabbits [n=12] a single dose of 10, 20, and 30 mg/Kg body weight using a randomized crossover design. Plasma samples were collected at various times over 12 hours following drug administration. The drugs were detected by high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], and plasma drug concentration versus time curve were subjected to non-compartment and two compartment pharmacokinetic analysis. Descriptive statistics were determined for each doses, and comparison were made among doses groups for selected pharmacokinetic parameters. Result indicated that increasing dose of ciprofloxacin resulted in increased plasma concentration. Maximum concentration [C max] was 0.43 + 0.007, 0.84 +/- 0.01, and 1.46+ 0.013 micro gm/ml for the doses of 10, 20, and 30mg/kg body weight. AUC[0-t], AUC[0-00] and MRT were significantly greater at 30mg/kg and showed significant difference with doses [P<0.05], where as other parameters like absorption rate constant, distribution rate constant and elimination rate constant did not show significant difference

Some studies on human urine as promoter for the growth of leishmania in vitro

Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania is endemic in many parts of tropic and sub tropic areas of the world. In vitro cultivation of parasite plays an important role in the study and treatment of disease. Traditionally media available do not meet the requirement for the bulk cultivation of Leishmania parasites, it requires fetal calf serum [FCS], that is very expensive and not easily available in the market. It is reported that human urine has stimulatory effect on the growth of Leishmania while cultured in vitro. We undertook a detailed study of such an effect in old world Leishmania isolates causing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Different concentrations of urine are tried and it is found that 1% sterile urine in our undefined medium 1999 supplemented with foetal calf serum gives the maximum growth. It is observed that dated urine has less stimulatory effect on the growth of the parasites as compared to fresh urine. The effect of the urine of different groups is also observed and it is found that the urine of 60 year gives maximum growth

Medication based; erectile dysfunction

Objective: the medication considered to be important for the treatment of some vital diseases and may cause erectile dysfunction. This article aim to describe some adverse drugs reaction that directly or indirectly exert its effect on the various routs of excretion process. A computer as well as manual research was made to collect the relevant data published in various journals on the drugs. The study of these drugs show positive effect on sexual performance due to the side effect of a range of commonly prescribe drugs and is important cause of noncompliance with anti hypertensive treatment. This article review the drugs implicated in erectile dysfunction ED and provide advice and how to avoid it